{"id":1773,"date":"2020-12-12T10:56:38","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T05:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/?p=1773"},"modified":"2021-10-20T21:19:40","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T15:49:40","slug":"02-01-04-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/advanced-level-science\/02-01-04-2\/","title":{"rendered":"02.01.04 &#8211; \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1g8CzH3elAWyHfG26GxLlae_v5XntYWeX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d91\u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0d89\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dbb \u0db0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dda.\u0db0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d92 \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0d9c\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dd3\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab \u0db6\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db6\u0db3 \u0da0\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0d9a \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dd8\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0db4\u0daf\u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0ddd\u0dbd\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dca , \u0dbd\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0dca \u0da9\u0dca\u0dbb\u0dd1\u0da9\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0da9\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dd8\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0daf\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0da0\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d91\u0db8 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddc\u0db1 \u0db8\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\/\u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<h4 class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1549 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/11\/image-133.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/11\/image-133.png 525w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/11\/image-133-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/11\/image-133-150x99.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4><strong>\r\n\r\n<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0db4\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db0\u0d9a<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color\"><strong><span style=\"color: black\">1.\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db4\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0d9d\u0db1\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\"><strong>2.\u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d85\u0dbb\u0dba<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0d9d\u0db1\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-luminous-black has-text-color\"><strong>3.\u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dba\u0db1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddc\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0db4\u0dba\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0db1\u0dd0\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0db4\u0dba\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black has-text-color\"><strong>\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0dc1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db0\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dda \u0db6\u0dbd\u0db4\u0dd1\u0db8\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db1\u0ddc\u0db8\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dca\u0dba. \u0db1\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d86\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dba\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>\u00a0 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>1.\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dbb \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d9d\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd3.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>Hg \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbb<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>2.\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dbd \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd3.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0da2\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0db6\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dad\u0dbb \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d91\u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0db8\u0dda\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dbd \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>3.\u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0ddc\u0db3 \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4 \u0dc3\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0db4\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0db8 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d9a\u0db8\u0dca\u0db4\u0db1 \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc3\u0da0\u0dbd \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d91\u0db8 \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d8a\u0dc5\u0d9c \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d9c\u0db8\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>4.\u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0ddc\u0daf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0da2\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0db8\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>5.\u0dad\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0db6\u0dc0(\u0d86\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0) \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d87\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0db6\u0dc0 (\u0dad\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dba\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0daf \u0d92 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dc3\u0dda. \u0d91\u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dca \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dba \u0d87\u0daf\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d87\u0dad.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p><strong>6.\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0db1\u0dba.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db8\u0dad\u0da7 \u0d86\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0d9a\u0dba \u0db4\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0dc3\u0da0\u0dbd \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d86\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0d9a\u0dba \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc1\u0ddd\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db8\u0ddd\u0da0\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dbd\u0db1\u0dba<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0dc1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd ns<sup>1<\/sup> \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1\u0daf, \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0dc1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd ns<sup>2<\/sup> \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1\u0daf \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0db7\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d91\u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf\u00a0 \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0dc1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dba.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d91\u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db0\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>s\u00a0 \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf d\u00a0 \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 S \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca ns \u0dc4\u0dcf d \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca ns \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dc0 (n-1)d\u00a0 \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0daf \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0db7\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d91\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 d \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc3\u0da0\u0dbd \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1g8CzH3elAWyHfG26GxLlae_v5XntYWeX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-hdq-quiz-block hdq-quiz-gutenberg\">[HDquiz quiz = 3113]<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/16f0hQ_rE459S9NIgX6fUdgxgjjQlxw04?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dae\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0dba\u0da7\u0dad\u0dda \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0d9a \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0dbb\u0dda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[631,632,8756,6207,49,42],"tags":[1143,63,2416,2435,2400,2405,232,2414,2419,2442,2431,2449,2415,2426,2420,2432,2425,1899,2421,2428,1020,2444,2436,1019,2422,2413,65,2445,2441,2443,2429,2404,2446,2452,2417,258,61,2438,2424,2440,2439,2408,2434,2437,2450,2418,2447,2409,2397,2433,2427,306,2410,2423,2406,2396,2430,55,2411,2407,2412,2448,2451],"class_list":{"0":"post-1773","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chemistry-02","8":"category-2-01--","9":"category-51--dawasata-padamak-chemistry","10":"category-dawasata-padamak-chemistry","11":"category-chemistry","12":"category-advanced-level-science","13":"tag-a-l-chemistry","14":"tag-al","15":"tag-ayanika-bandhana","16":"tag-bipolar","17":"tag-bonds","18":"tag-bonds-and-structures","19":"tag-chemistry","20":"tag-covalent-bonds","21":"tag-dhravanashilathawa","22":"tag-double-bonds","23":"tag-h-bonds","24":"tag-ion","25":"tag-ionic-bonds","26":"tag-lewis","27":"tag-lohaka-bandhana","28":"tag-london-bonds","29":"tag-luvis","30":"tag-metal","31":"tag-metalllic-bonds","32":"tag-muhumkaranaya","33":"tag-negative","34":"tag-pi-bonds","35":"tag-polar","36":"tag-positive","37":"tag-properties","38":"tag-sahasanyuja-bandhana","39":"tag-science","40":"tag-sigma-bonds","41":"tag-single-bonds","42":"tag-triple-bonds","43":"tag-vandavaals","44":"tag-vsepr","45":"tag-zigma-bonds","46":"tag-2452","47":"tag-2417","48":"tag-258","49":"tag-61","50":"tag-2438","51":"tag-2424","52":"tag-2440","53":"tag-2439","54":"tag-2408","55":"tag-2434","56":"tag-2437","57":"tag-2450","58":"tag-2418","59":"tag-2447","60":"tag-2409","61":"tag-2397","62":"tag-2433","63":"tag-2427","64":"tag-306","65":"tag-2410","66":"tag-2423","67":"tag-2406","68":"tag-2396","69":"tag-2430","70":"tag-55","71":"tag-2411","72":"tag-2407","73":"tag-2412","74":"tag-2448","75":"tag-2451"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1773"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33502,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1773\/revisions\/33502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}