{"id":1902,"date":"2020-12-04T02:13:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T20:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/?p=1902"},"modified":"2021-10-09T23:22:25","modified_gmt":"2021-10-09T17:52:25","slug":"06-02-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/advanced-level-science\/chemistry\/chemistry-06\/06-02-p-%e0%b6%9c%e0%b7%9c%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%94%e0%b7%80\/06-02-03\/","title":{"rendered":"06.02.03 &#8211; 15 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1w3yCunzMvJklWm_CsgU6nKuvojAZI5xm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>15 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba (ns<sup>2<\/sup>np<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\" style=\"margin-top: -10px;margin-bottom: -20px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24129  aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba.png\" width=\"559\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba.png 626w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-150x45.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>N\u00a0 +5 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0da7 -3 \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\" style=\"color: #333399\">1<strong>5 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32054  aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-8.png\" width=\"326\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>P, As, Sb \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 (Y<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>, Y<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>5<\/sub>) \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd3 (Y<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>6<\/sub>, Y<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub>)<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0ddc \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm N}_2{\\mathrm O}_{5(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})\\;}\\\\{\\mathrm P}_2{\\mathrm O}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm H}_3{\\mathrm{PO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u00a0<\/h3>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #333399\"><strong>N &#8211; \u0db1\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0da2\u0db1\u0dca &#8211; 1s<sup>2<\/sup>2s<sup>2<\/sup>2p<sup>3<\/sup><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-32055 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-9.png\" width=\"158\" height=\"70\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc2\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0da7\u0dd2 (1.09 A) \u0dad\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca (942 kJmol<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>) \u0d87\u0dad. \u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf N<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d85\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dda.\u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0d9a\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2 (\u0d85\u0d9a\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db8).<\/li>\r\n<li>N \u0da7 \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 P \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dc3\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d8a\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc0 P \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dab\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc4\u0dba\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0d9c\u0ddd\u0dbd\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dd8\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc3\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3. \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba N \u0d85\u0dab\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dad\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc1\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db6\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-32056 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-10.png\" width=\"176\" height=\"156\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda N<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0db3\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7, Mg \u0db4\u0da7\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u00a0 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dd4\u0da9\u0dd4 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0da7 \u0daf\u0db8\u0dcf, \u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd9\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dbb\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd9\u0d9f\u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0dbb\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0da9\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0d87\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dc3\u0dd4 \u0d91\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dc4 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbb\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{Mg}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{Mg}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\\\{\\mathrm{Mg}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;3\\mathrm{Mg}(\\mathrm{OH})_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>N \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24177  aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3.png\" width=\"381\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3.png 762w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-150x65.png 150w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-696x301.png 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>N \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0ddc \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0ddc \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd 02 \u0d9a\u0dd2.\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: left\"><strong>HNO<sub>2<\/sub> \u2013 nitric(III) acid &#8211; \u0db1\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32057  aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-11.png\" width=\"165\" height=\"120\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca NaNO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a HCl \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd9\u0dbd \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NaNO}}_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\text{ \u0dad}.\\;{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NaCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 HNO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba\u0ddd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 , HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf NO \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">3{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 NO \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0db1 NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm O}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> &#8211; nitric(V) acid &#8211; \u0db1\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\" style=\"margin-bottom: -25px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"141\" height=\"109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-26.png 282w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-26-150x115.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 141px) 100vw, 141px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3 <\/sub>\u0d85\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>KNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0ddd NaNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0db1\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dda\u0da7 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dcf. H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NaNO}}_{3(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NaHSO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb HNO<sub>3 <\/sub>\u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dbb \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0d86\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0d9a\u0dba \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 HNO<sub>3,<\/sub> NO<sub>2 <\/sub>\u0dc4\u0dcf O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\text{\u0dc3\u0dcf.}\\;4{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm{hv}}\\;4{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm O}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_{2\\mathrm O(\\mathrm l)}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3 \u00ad<\/sub>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2. HNO<sub>2 \u00ad<\/sub>\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf HNO<sub>3 <\/sub>\u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0daf\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>2 <\/sub>\u0dc4\u0dd2 N \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba (+3) \u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf HNO<sub>3 <\/sub>\u0dc4\u0dd2 N \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba (+5) \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u00a0 H<sup>+<\/sup> \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 NO<sub>2<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab,<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{NaOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NaNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\\\2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{CuO}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;\\mathrm{Cu}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u00a0\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0db6\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca CO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2\u00af<\/sup> \u0dc4\u0dcf HCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>2\u00af<\/sup> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb H<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dcf \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb H<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda Mg \u0dc3\u0dc4 Mn \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{Mg}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm \u0dad.\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;\\mathrm{Mg}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\\\{\\mathrm{Mn}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm \u0dad.\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})\\;}\\rightarrow\\;\\mathrm{Mn}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0dba<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dd2 N \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d91\u0dba \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd2 (NO<sub>2<\/sub>, NO, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, NH<sub>3<\/sub>). \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0db5\u0dbd\u0dba \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba, \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0db8\u0dad \u0dbb\u0db3\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{Mg}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;4{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;\\mathrm{Mg}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\\\{\\mathrm{Cu}}_{(\\mathrm s)\\;}+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;4{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;\\mathrm{Cu}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\\\3{\\mathrm{Cu}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;50\\;\\%\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;8{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;3\\mathrm{Cu}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{2(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;4{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 Sn \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dbd\u0dda \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd3 NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{Sn}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{SnO}}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>HNO<sub>3<\/sub> \u0d85\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7, \u0d85\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4\u0dba \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0db8 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0dad \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb NO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup>, NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm C}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;4{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;4{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\-\\;+{\\mathrm{CO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)\\;}\\\\{\\mathrm S}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;6{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0d82\u200d\u0dba\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb HNO\u00ad<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0d82\u200d\u0dba\u0ddd\u0d9c\u0dba \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb , HNO<sub>3<\/sub> , NO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm S}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm S}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\\\{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm S}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;8{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;8{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;4{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)\\;}\\\\2{\\mathrm{HI}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{\u0dc3\u0dcf}.\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm I}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\\\\\mathrm{Fe}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_2\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{HNO}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{Fe}({\\mathrm{NO}}_3)_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\r\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u2013 \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-32062 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.03-15-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-12.png\" width=\"165\" height=\"128\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab , \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc2 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d9a\u0da7\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dba \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda(H \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1). \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2(NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH\/ \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddc\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca)<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb, \u0d91\u0dba NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u00a0OH<sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dc0\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db7\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dc1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\;\\leftrightharpoons\\;\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{OH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\;\\leftrightharpoons\\;{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{OH}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>NH<sub>4<\/sub>OH \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">2{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{OH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;\\mathrm{dil}.\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dd4 \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{NaOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NaCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca, \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca, \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca, \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 H \u0dc4\u0dd2 +1 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dc0 0 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca H<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 Li \u0dc4\u0dcf \u2161 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db8\u0dd6\u0dbd\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dbd\u0db8 N<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab (\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9) \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2. 01 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 NH<sub>2<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup>(\u0d92\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9) \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm{Li}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm{Li}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)\\;\\;}\\\\2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{Na}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm{NaNH}}_{2(\\mathrm S)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{Mg}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{Mg}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dd2 N \u0d9c\u0dda -3 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">4{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm O}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;2{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc5 CuO \u0db8\u0dad\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dba\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 Cu ,\u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca N<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db4 \u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{CuO}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;3{\\mathrm{Cu}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>NH<sub>3<\/sub>, Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dad\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm g)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7, \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 HCl , NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl \u0d9d\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">8{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;6{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 NCl<sub>3<\/sub> \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NCl}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm g)}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dc4\u0ddd \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc3\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0dba \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb H<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}\\;2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;6{\\mathrm{Li}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}2{\\mathrm{Li}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm{Na}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}2{\\mathrm{NaNH}}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm{Mg}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}{\\mathrm{Mg}}_3{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;3{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0 \u0dc4\u0ddd \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\\\2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm{aq})}\\end{array}<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dba\u0db1\u0dd4 \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dda\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dda\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0d82\u0dba\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>NH<sub>3<\/sub>, \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>NH<sub>4<\/sub>NO<sub>3<\/sub>, NH<sub>4<\/sub>NO<sub>2<\/sub>, (NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>7<\/sub> \u0dba\u0db1 \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{NO}}_{3(\\mathrm s)}\\xrightarrow\\bigtriangleup\\;{\\mathrm N}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\\\{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{NO}}_{2(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow\\bigtriangleup\\;{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;2{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\\\({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\\mathrm O}_{7(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow\\bigtriangleup\\;{\\mathrm N}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\\mathrm O}_{3(\\mathrm s)}\\;+\\;4{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0d85\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d87\u0db8\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba\u0ddd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\;\\\\({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}\\;2{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm{SO}}_{4(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm I}_{(\\mathrm s)}\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{HI}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;-------------\\;2{\\mathrm{HI}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm H}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm I}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm{CO}}_{3(\\mathrm s)\\;}\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{CO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;\\;\\\\({\\mathrm{NH}}_4)_2{\\mathrm C}_2{\\mathrm O}_{4(\\mathrm s)}\\;\\xrightarrow{\\mathrm\\Delta}\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_{3(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{CO}}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm{CO}}_{2(\\mathrm g)}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm g)}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\r\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1w3yCunzMvJklWm_CsgU6nKuvojAZI5xm\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:buttons -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"align\":\"center\"} -->\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\"><!-- wp:button {\"borderRadius\":15,\"className\":\"is-style-shadow\",\"tdButtonSize\":\"normal\"} -->\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/17kUql__UhSP5zK8yOIZlX7483_8j4275?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:buttons -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>p \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda 15 \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db6\u0db3 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8.N \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dc3\u0d82\u200d\u0dba\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc0\u0db1 HNO3 \u0dc4\u0dcf NH3 \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db6\u0db3\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2 \u0d85\u0dc0\u0db0\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0daf\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[814,815,7665,6207],"tags":[2008,2007,1856,1855,2014,2010,2016,2013,1859,232,1867,2005,1201,1858,1857,1865,2018,2003,2006,2021,2011,2020,2019,1978,1977,1979,1976,1863,2002,2012,1860,1864,2015,2023,1862,1861,2004,2022,2009,2017,846],"class_list":{"0":"post-1902","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chemistry-06","8":"category-06-02-p-","9":"category-40--dawasata-padamak-chemistry","10":"category-dawasata-padamak-chemistry","11":"tag-2008","12":"tag-2007","13":"tag-akaabanika-rasaayanaya","14":"tag-akabanika-rasayanaya","15":"tag-ammonia","16":"tag-ammonium","17":"tag-amonia","18":"tag-amonium","19":"tag-block","20":"tag-chemistry","21":"tag-gonuwam","22":"tag-hno2","23":"tag-hno3","24":"tag-inorganic","25":"tag-inorganic-chemistry","26":"tag-kaandaya","27":"tag-lawana","28":"tag-nh3","29":"tag-nitric","30":"tag-nitrogen","31":"tag-nitrogen-dioxide","32":"tag-nitrous","33":"tag-no2","34":"tag-p","35":"tag-p-block","36":"tag-p-gonuwa","37":"tag-p-","38":"tag-period","39":"tag-phosperous","40":"tag-salts","41":"tag-spd","42":"tag-1864","43":"tag-2015","44":"tag-2023","45":"tag-1862","46":"tag-1861","47":"tag-2004","48":"tag-2022","49":"tag-2009","50":"tag-2017","51":"tag-846"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1902"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32088,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1902\/revisions\/32088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}