{"id":2065,"date":"2020-12-01T10:39:15","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T05:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/?p=2065"},"modified":"2021-10-03T23:42:11","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T18:12:11","slug":"12-03-08","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/advanced-level-science\/12-03-08\/","title":{"rendered":"12.03.08- \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?id=1yj2zEZCHngWQqav54KR_rOq9Q4Tjog8N&amp;export=download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db5\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u0da7 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dda\u0dc2\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0db3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f 3 \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8(\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba)<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8(\u0da2\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba)<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0dad\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db4\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 (\u0d85\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dda\u0db4\u0db1\u0dba)<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db0\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3\u0dca 4 \u0d9a\u0dca \u0dba\u0da7\u0dad\u0dda \u0d85\u0db0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u00a0 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192 \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u2192 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0dda<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0K<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 =\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 K<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192\u00a0 \u00a0\u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0K<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &gt;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 K<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192\u00a0 \u00a0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0K<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 &lt;\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 K<sub>b<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2192\u00a0 \u00a0\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\" style=\"color: #333399\">\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8\u00a0 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{NaOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{NaCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: left\">\u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf: NaCl, Na<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>, KBr, Ba(ClO<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>NaCl \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dbd\u0d9a\u0db8\u0dd4.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NaCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{Na}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{Cl}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0da2\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0db1\u0ddc\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}\\mathrm{Na}_{(\\mathrm{aq})\\;}^++\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightarrow\\mathrm X\\\\\\mathrm{Cl}_{(\\mathrm{aq})\\;}^-+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightarrow\\mathrm X\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca\u0d9c\u0dad \u0db4\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0d9a p<sup>H<\/sup> \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba \u0d85\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc5 \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0dba\u0da7\u0dad\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd2 \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db1 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a p<sup>H<\/sup> \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dda<\/span>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\" style=\"color: #333399\"> \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 <span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{HCl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{OH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\rightarrow\\;{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: left\">\u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf:\u00a0 NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl,\u00a0\u00a0 (NH<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>, CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>NH<sub>3<\/sub>Cl<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd4 \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NH}}_4{\\mathrm{Cl}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+\\;{\\mathrm{Cl}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3 \u0dc0\u0db1 Cl<sup>&#8211; <\/sup>\u00a0\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0db1\u0ddc\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{Cl}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightarrow\\mathrm X<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\;\\;\\rightleftharpoons\\;{{\\mathrm{NH}}_3}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\;\\;+\\;{\\mathrm H}_3{\\mathrm O^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3 \u0dc0\u0db1 NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+ <\/sup>\u00a0\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0db4\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dd6\u0db4\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0d92 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0da2\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\mathrm P^{\\mathrm{OH}}=\\frac12\\left({\\mathrm P}_{{\\mathrm K}_{\\mathrm w}}+{\\mathrm P}_{{\\mathrm K}_{\\mathrm b}}+\\log_{10}\\left[{\\mathrm{NH}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\right]\\right)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9f\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a p<sup>OH<\/sup> \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\" style=\"color: #333399\">\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd\u00a0 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dda .<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{NaOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{CH}}_3\\mathrm{COO}^-{\\mathrm{Na}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: left\">\u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf : CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>Na<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0 ,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>K<sup>+<\/sup> ,\u00a0\u00a0 NaF , KCN<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{CH}}_3\\mathrm{COO}^-{\\mathrm{Na}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COO}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{Na}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{Na}^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow\\mathrm X\\\\{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COO}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightleftharpoons{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{OH}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0d92 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd\u00a0 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0da2\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da0\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 OH\u00af<sub>(aq) <\/sub>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\mathrm P^{\\mathrm H}=\\frac12\\left({\\mathrm P}_{{\\mathrm K}_{\\mathrm w}}+{\\mathrm P}_{{\\mathrm K}_{\\mathrm a}}+\\log_{10}\\left[{\\mathrm A^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\right]\\right)<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><span style=\"color: #333399\">\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd\u00a0 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u00a0 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"text-align: left\">\u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf: CH<sub>3<\/sub>COO<sup>&#8211;<\/sup>NH<sub>4<\/sub><sup>+\u00a0 <\/sup>\u00a0, NH<sub>4<\/sub>CN\u00a0 , CH<sub>3<\/sub>CH<sub>2<\/sub>NH<sub>3<\/sub><sup>+<\/sup>F<sup>&#8211;<\/sup><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">{\\mathrm{CH}}_3\\mathrm{COO}^-{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\rightarrow{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COO}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{l}{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COO}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightleftharpoons{\\mathrm{CH}}_3{\\mathrm{COOH}}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm{OH}^-}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}\\;\\cdots\\cdots\\cdots\\cdots(01)\\\\\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;{\\mathrm{NH}_4^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_2{\\mathrm O}_{(\\mathrm l)}\\rightleftharpoons{{\\mathrm{NH}}_3}_{(\\mathrm{aq})}+{\\mathrm H}_3{\\mathrm O^+}_{(\\mathrm{aq})\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;\\;}\\cdots\\cdots\\cdots\\cdots(02)\\end{array}<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0d92 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd\u00a0 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211;\u00a0 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9d\u0da7\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0da2\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dd0\u0da7\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0dda \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \/\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a \/ \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0db7\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dba\u0dda k<sub>a<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf k<sub>b<\/sub> \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba \u0db8\u0dad \u0dad\u0dd3\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black\">K<sub>a<\/sub> &gt; K<sub>b<\/sub> \u00a0 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black\">K<sub>a<\/sub> &lt; K<sub>b<\/sub> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8\u0dd2\u0d9a<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black\">K<sub>a<\/sub>\u00a0 ~ K<sub>b<\/sub> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; \u0d8b\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dd3\u0db1<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb \u0d85\u0db0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0da7 ,\r\n<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"696\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RJQOH2m1-jA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?id=1yj2zEZCHngWQqav54KR_rOq9Q4Tjog8N&amp;export=download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d89\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd4\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dad\u0db1\u0da7\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/18RIdGXi6u8ri_MIVdR8XqC-FK9AehjLo?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb<br \/>\n2.\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0db1<br \/>\n3.\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<br \/>\n4.\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db7\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<br \/>\n5.\u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd &#8211; \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db6\u0dbd \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":10039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[304,7519,497,6207,49,845,42],"tags":[860,857,848,847,854,850,849,853,856,859,858,855,851,852,846],"class_list":{"0":"post-2065","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chemistry-12","8":"category-34--dawasata-padamak-chemistry","9":"category-497","10":"category-dawasata-padamak-chemistry","11":"category-chemistry","12":"category-845","13":"category-advanced-level-science","14":"tag-dubala-amla-dubala-bhama-lavaa","15":"tag-dubala-amla-prabhala-bhama-lavaa","16":"tag-lavaa","17":"tag-management-salt","18":"tag-prabhala-amla-dubala-bhama-lavaa","19":"tag-prabhala-amla-prabhala-bhama-lawana","20":"tag-strong-acids-strong-bases","21":"tag-strong-acids-weak-base-salts","22":"tag-weak-acids-strong-base-salts","23":"tag-weak-acids-weak-base-salts","24":"tag-858","25":"tag-855","26":"tag-851","27":"tag-852","28":"tag-846"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2065"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31561,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2065\/revisions\/31561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2065"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2065"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2065"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}