{"id":2213,"date":"2020-12-04T04:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T23:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/?p=2213"},"modified":"2021-10-10T23:56:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-10T18:26:08","slug":"06-02-05","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/advanced-level-science\/chemistry\/chemistry-06\/06-02-p-%e0%b6%9c%e0%b7%9c%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%94%e0%b7%80\/06-02-05\/","title":{"rendered":"06.02.05 &#8211; 17 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1QYdT822AgzINbv3uQoXw-GGYIWxdcA6d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff\"><strong><strong>17 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba (ns<sup>2<\/sup>np<sup>5<\/sup>)<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>F &#8211; \u0dbd\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc2 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Cl &#8211; \u0dc5\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dc5 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc2 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Br &#8211; \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>I &#8211; \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0d9d\u0dab\u0db1\u0d9a\u0dd2. \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d8c\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0dc0\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0daf\u0db8\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db4\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At &#8211; \u0d9a\u0dd9\u0da7\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0 \u0da2\u0dd3\u0dc0 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dc1\u0dd3\u0dbd\u0dd2 \u0db8\u0dd6\u0dbd \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 -1,0,+1,+2,+3,+4,+5,+6,+7 \u0dba\u0db1 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2. F \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d8d\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf -1 \u0dc4\u0dcf 0 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>HCl \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2KMnO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + 16HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 2KCl<sub>(s)<\/sub>+ 2MnCl<sub>2(s)<\/sub> + 5Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 8H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>MnO<sub>2(s)<\/sub> + 4HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 MnCl<sub>2(aq)<\/sub> + 2Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>PbO<sub>2(s)<\/sub> + 4HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 PbCl<sub>2(aq)<\/sub> + 2Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>KClO<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 6HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 KCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>K<sub>2<\/sub>Cr<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>7(aq)<\/sub> + 14HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 2KCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + 2CrCl<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 7H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd3\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dad\u0dbb\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0ddd\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf MnO<sub>2<\/sub>(\u0db8\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dca\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3\u0dc3\u0dca \u0da9\u0dba\u0ddc\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca) \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d95\u0db1\u0dd1\u0db8 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2NaX<sub>(s)<\/sub> + \u0dc3\u0dcf. 3H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + MnO<sub>2(s)<\/sub> \u2192 MnSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + 2NaHSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + X<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>2NaBr<sub>(s)<\/sub> + \u0dc3\u0dcf. 3H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + MnO<sub>2(s)<\/sub> \u2192 MnSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + 2NaHSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + Br<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>2NaI<sub>(s)<\/sub> + \u0dc3\u0dcf. 3H2SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + MnO2<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 MnSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + 2NaHSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + I<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0d85\u0dbb\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0d82 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dda\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dad \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd0\u0dc0 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d85\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0d85\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dab \u0db6\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dda. \u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d85\u0dab\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba \u0daf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dab \u0db6\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.\u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dba\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd ns<sup>2<\/sup>np<sup>5<\/sup> \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc3\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 -1 \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>X + e \u2192 X<sup>\u00af<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0d85\u0dbb\u0dba\u00a0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9c\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc4\u0dab\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dda.\u0d91\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc1\u0dd3\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dda.\u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dab \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dd3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0db4\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dba.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2KI<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + Br<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2KBr<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + I<sub>2(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>2KBr<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2KCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + Br<sub>2(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>F<sub>2<\/sub> \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca HF \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0db0\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dba\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>F<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 4HF<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3\u0d9a\u0dca \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dc5\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0da7\u0dc3 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb HCl \u0dc4\u0dcf HOCl \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad HOCl \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2. \u0d91\u0db8\u0d9f\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db6\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dd3\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d85\u0da9\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4 \u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba\u0da7 \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dd3\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3.\u0d91\u0dc3\u0dda\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0d82\u0da2\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3\u0daf \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf \u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0d91\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 HOCl \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba HCl \u0dc4\u0dcf O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba\u0ddd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0d91\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0dba \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db5\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf HCl \u0dba.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + HOCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>2HOCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 2HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 4HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + O<sub>2(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Br<sub>2<\/sub>, Cl<sub>2 <\/sub>\u00a0\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db1\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0d91\u0dba \u0daf \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dc1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Br<sub>2(l)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> <span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">\u2192<\/span> HOBr<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + HBr<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>I<sub>2<\/sub> \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dc1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2. I<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0ddc\u0db3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba KI \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dd2.\u0d91\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db9\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dad\u0dd2 (KI<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>I<sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub> + I<sub>2(s)<\/sub> \u2192 I<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #333399\"><strong>\u0dc4\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0da2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 (HX)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\r\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6394\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-1402-1024x304.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"206\" \/><\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dc4\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0da2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dbd\u0db8 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc4\u0ddc\u0db3\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1, \u0d9a\u0da7\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u00a0\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd6\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>HF \u0dc0\u0dbd H \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0d85\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd3.<\/li>\r\n<li>HI \u0dc4\u0dcf HBr \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba\u0ddd\u0da2\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dda\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dd3\u0dba \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d85\u0dba\u0dab\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u00a0\u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>HX + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>O<sup>+<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub> + X<sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>CaF<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf NaCl \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub> \u0d91\u0d9a\u0dca\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca HF \u0dc4\u0dcf HCl \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a. \u0db1\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca HBr \u0dc4\u0dcf HI \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc4\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf Br<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf I<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf HBr \u0dc4\u0dcf HI \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0db4\u0ddc\u0dc3\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca \u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db6\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0ddd\u0db8\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 (PBr<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0ddc\u0dc3\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca \u0da7\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0d85\u0dba\u0da9\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9(PI<sub>3<\/sub>) \u0db8\u0dad \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd2. \u0db4\u0ddc\u0dc3\u0dca\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dba(H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>) NaBr \u0dc3\u0dc4 NaI \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf HBr \u0dc4\u0dcf HI \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd2 .\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>CaF<sub>2(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 CaSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + 2HF<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>NaCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + \u0dc3\u0dcf. H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 NaHSO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + HCl<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>2NaBr<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 Br<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + SO<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>PBr<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3HBr<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>PI<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3HI<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dcf. H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + NaBr<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 HBr<sub>(g)<\/sub> + NaH<sub>2<\/sub>PO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dcf. H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub> + NaI<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 HI<sub>(g)<\/sub> + NaH<sub>2<\/sub>PO<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">Cl \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0ddc \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Cl +1, +3, +5, +7 \u0dba\u0db1 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0da7 \u0d85\u0dba\u0dad\u0dca \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0ddc \u0d85\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd \u0dc4\u0dad\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><\/figure>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-24629\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/11-300x126.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"126\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/11-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/11-150x63.jpg 150w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/11.jpg 601w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24622 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3.png\" width=\"531\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3.png 410w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-300x56.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-400x77.png 400w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-3-150x28.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 531px) 100vw, 531px\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-24621 \" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1.jpg\" width=\"541\" height=\"67\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1.jpg 986w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1-300x37.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1-768x94.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1-150x18.jpg 150w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Pasted-into-06.02.05-17-\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba-1-696x85.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d86\u0db8\u0dca\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u00a0\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 Cl \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab \u0d85\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dc4 H<sup>+<\/sup> \u0d89\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d87\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0dba\u0dcf\u0db8 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\">\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a NaOH \u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0da7 Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dba\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 NaOCl \u0dc4\u0dcf NaCl \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2NaOH<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 NaCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + NaOCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d8b\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 (80 \u2103) OCl<sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dba Cl<sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0dc4\u0dcf ClO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup> \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0daf\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db0\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>3OCl<sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 2Cl<sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub> + ClO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u00af<\/sup><sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 6NaOH<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 NaCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + NaClO<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Br<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc4\u0dcf I<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca \u0dad\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d8b\u0dab\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>3Br<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 6NaOH<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 5NaBr<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + NaBrO<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>F<sub>2<\/sub> \u0db7\u0dc2\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2F<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2NaOH<sub>(aq)<\/sub> \u2192 OF<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2NaF<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399\">\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>2NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 N<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 6HCl<sub>(g)<\/sub>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda\u0daf\u0dd3 NH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb \u0dc0\u0dd6\u0dba\u0dda \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da7 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0daf\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb 8NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + 2Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 N<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 6NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd3 Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb \u0dc0\u0dd6\u0dba\u0dda \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca NCl<sub>3<\/sub> \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd4\u0dbb 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 NCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 3HCl<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Br<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0dc4 I<sub>2<\/sub> \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0daf \u0db8\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>NH<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + 3Br<sub>2(l)<\/sub> \u2192 NBr<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 3HBr<sub>(g)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca H<sub>2<\/sub>S, S \u0db6\u0dc0\u0da7 \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>H<sub>2<\/sub>S<sub>(g)<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2HCl<sub>(g)<\/sub> + S<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0d94\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2. \u0db8\u0dda\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd4\u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0d8b\u0d9c\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dda.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>F<sub>2(g)<\/sub> + 2Na<sub>(s)<\/sub> \u2192 2NaF<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2Na<sub>(s)<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2NaCl<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Cu<sub>(s)<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 CuCl<sub>2(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2Fe<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2FeCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Zn<sub>(s)<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 ZnCl<sub>2(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dc4 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9b\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0d9f \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dc3\u0d82\u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2 \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0d85\u0dab\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0d82\u0dba\u0ddd\u0d9c \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dba\u0dd2.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2P<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 3Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2PCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>2P<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 5Cl<sub>2(g)<\/sub> \u2192 2PCl5<sub>(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #333399\"><strong>14 \u0dc4\u0dcf 15 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-2b12c6dd-beef-47c7-8e5d-9cf89110d4c9\">\r\n<li>SiCl<sub>4(l)<\/sub> + 4H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 4HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + Si(OH)<sub>4(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>SiCl<sub>4(l)<\/sub> + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 4HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + SiO<sub>2(s)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-205ffe8a-ae90-4ec6-926f-ae2cc0e37824\">\r\n<li>PCl<sub>3(l)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>PCl<sub>5(s)<\/sub> + 4H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 H<sub>3<\/sub>PO4<sub>(aq)<\/sub> + 5HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>PCl<sub>5(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 POCl<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 2HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<li>NCl<sub>3(g)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u2192 NH<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3HOCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>SbCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u21cc SbOCl<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 2HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>AsCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + 3H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u21cc H<sub>3<\/sub>AsO<sub>3(aq)<\/sub> + 3HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>BiCl<sub>3(s)<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>(l)<\/sub> \u21cc BiOCl<sub>(s)<\/sub> + 2HCl<sub>(aq)<\/sub><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dbb \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>15 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d91\u0dc3\u0dda \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0d9a\u0dca\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dca(Cl-X) \u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dbd \u0d85\u0dba\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dc5\u0da7 \u0dba\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0dba\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd2.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1QYdT822AgzINbv3uQoXw-GGYIWxdcA6d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/17kUql__UhSP5zK8yOIZlX7483_8j4275?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>p \u0d9c\u0ddc\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda 17 \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba\u0dda \u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db6\u0db3 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0da2\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dd2\u0da9\u0dc0\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dcf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[814,815,7697,6207],"tags":[2044,2050,1856,1855,1859,2045,2048,232,2046,2052,1867,2057,2043,2061,2060,2047,1858,1857,2051,2056,1865,1978,1977,1979,1976,1863,1860,1864,2055,2054,2059,1862,1861,2049,2053,2058],"class_list":{"0":"post-2213","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chemistry-06","8":"category-06-02-p-","9":"category-41--dawasata-padamak-chemistry","10":"category-dawasata-padamak-chemistry","11":"tag-2044","12":"tag-2050","13":"tag-akaabanika-rasaayanaya","14":"tag-akabanika-rasayanaya","15":"tag-block","16":"tag-br2","17":"tag-bromine","18":"tag-chemistry","19":"tag-cl","20":"tag-clorine","21":"tag-gonuwam","22":"tag-halides","23":"tag-hcl","24":"tag-helaida","25":"tag-hydrolysis","26":"tag-i2","27":"tag-inorganic","28":"tag-inorganic-chemistry","29":"tag-iodine","30":"tag-jalawichchedanaya","31":"tag-kaandaya","32":"tag-p","33":"tag-p-block","34":"tag-p-gonuwa","35":"tag-p-","36":"tag-period","37":"tag-spd","38":"tag-1864","39":"tag-2055","40":"tag-2054","41":"tag-2059","42":"tag-1862","43":"tag-1861","44":"tag-2049","45":"tag-2053","46":"tag-2058"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2213"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2213"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32309,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2213\/revisions\/32309"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}