{"id":3876,"date":"2020-12-10T04:10:44","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T22:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/?p=3876"},"modified":"2021-08-30T15:20:30","modified_gmt":"2021-08-30T09:50:30","slug":"04-03-03","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/advanced-level-science\/04-03-03\/","title":{"rendered":"04.03.03 &#8211; \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px;\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?export=download&amp;id=1cA1msuwA9w6XpqcVJv7pEFfNZrHEqqlo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0d85\u0da0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0d91\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0db8\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P \u221d T<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dba K \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0P = KT<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca K (\u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dba) \u0dbb\u0db3\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db0\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\r\n<li>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0d9c\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0d85\u0da0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0dba\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"521\" height=\"214\" class=\"wp-image-3938\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-695.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-695.png 521w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-695-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-695-150x62.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 521px) 100vw, 521px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"338\" height=\"231\" class=\"wp-image-7251\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-256.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-256.jpg 338w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-256-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-256-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-256-218x150.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>\u0dc0\u0dd0\u0daf\u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca:-<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0dba\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf 2 \u0daf\u0dd3\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dba.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd6\u0db4 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(1) T \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"249\" height=\"208\" class=\"wp-image-3939\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-696.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-696.png 249w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-696-150x125.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 249px) 100vw, 249px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(2) T (\u0dc3\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc3\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dba) \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"336\" height=\"276\" class=\"wp-image-3940\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-697.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-697.png 336w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-697-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-697-150x123.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(3)T \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P\/T<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"321\" height=\"218\" class=\"wp-image-3941\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-698.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-698.png 321w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-698-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-698-150x102.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(4) P\/T \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"219\" class=\"wp-image-3942\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-699.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-699.png 343w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-699-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-699-150x96.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(5) log P \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 log T<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"221\" class=\"wp-image-3943\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-700.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-700.png 376w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-700-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-700-150x88.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"239\" class=\"wp-image-3944\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-701.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-701.png 250w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-701-150x143.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>(P) = K (T) <br \/>y \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0= m x <br \/>\u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba(m) = K \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dd2<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d91\u0db8 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba K \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba\u0da7 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0db4\u0dcf\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0db0\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\r\n<li>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db8\u0dc0\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db8\u0dc0\u0dd4\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db1\u0dcf\u0dae \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dd3 A \u0dc4\u0dcf B \u0dc1\u0dd2\u0dc2\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca 2 \u0db1\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d91\u0d9a\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0d9c\u0dba \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd4 \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7, \u0dbd\u0daf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0db8\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>A \u0dc4\u0dcf B \u0daf\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dcf\u0da7 \u0db8 \u0dbd\u0daf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0db8\u0dd6\u0dbd \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dbb\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dba\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dbb\u0dbd \u0dbb\u0dda\u0d9b\u0dcf \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dcf\u0da7 \u0db8 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dad\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0db6\u0dc0 \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd3 \u0d87\u0dad.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db1\u0db8\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0db8\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8\u0da7 \u0dc4\u0dda\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(1) A \u0dc4\u0dcf B \u0daf\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dcf \u0db8 \u0d91\u0d9a\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca\u0dad \u0daf A, B \u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db8\u0dc0\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(2) A \u0dc4\u0dcf B \u0daf\u0dd9\u0daf\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dcf \u0db8 \u0d91\u0d9a\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db8\u0dc0\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf, A, B \u0da7 \u0dc0\u0da9\u0dcf \u0d85\u0da9\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db1\u0dd3\u0db8.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc1 \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a, \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0ddc \u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dca \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dc3\u0dd1\u0db8 1<sup>0<\/sup>C \u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db8 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba 0<sup>0<\/sup>C\u00a0 \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca 1\/273 \u0d9a\u0dca \u0db6\u0dd0\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"607\" height=\"223\" class=\"wp-image-3945\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-702.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-702.png 607w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-702-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-702-150x55.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0dd3\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0dbb \u0d89\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dc1 \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8\u0dda \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0d94\u0db4\u0dca\u0db4\u0dd4 \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"607\" height=\"215\" class=\"wp-image-3946\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-703.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-703.png 607w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-703-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-703-150x53.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba &#8211;\u00a0 P<sub>0<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u03b8<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba\u00a0 &#8211; P<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> + P<sub>0 <\/sub>\u00a0(\u03b8\/273)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (<strong>1<\/strong> + \u03b8\/273)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (273 + \u03b8)\/273<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> T\/273<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 P<sub>0\u00a0 <\/sub>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db6\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P \u221d T<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db8\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dda \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dbd\u0ddd\u0db8\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba (\u03b3<sub>v<\/sub>)<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"608\" height=\"214\" class=\"wp-image-3947\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-704.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-704.png 608w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-704-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-704-150x53.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> + P<sub>0 <\/sub>\u00a0(\u03b8\/273)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (1 + \u03b8\/273)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (1 + 1\u03b8\/273)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1\/273 = <span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\gamma_V<\/span> \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (1 + \u03b8<span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\gamma_V<\/span>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P<sub>0 <\/sub>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u00a0\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u03b8<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u03b8 \u00a0\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d85\u0d82\u0dc1\u0d9a \u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><span class=\"wp-katex-eq\" data-display=\"false\">\\gamma_V<\/span> &#8211; \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0daf \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf\u00a0 \u00a0\u03b3<sub>v<\/sub> = 1\/273 K<sup>-1<\/sup><\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dad\u0dc0\u0daf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf\u00a0 = \u03b3<sub>v<\/sub> \u00a0\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0d85\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dae \u0daf\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8.<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P = P<sub>0<\/sub> (1+\u00a0V<sub>\u03b3<\/sub> \u03b8)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P= P<sub>0<\/sub> + P<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0 V<sub>\u03b3<\/sub> \u03b8<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P<sub>0<\/sub> V<sub>\u03b3<\/sub> \u03b8 = P \u2013 P<sub>0<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"112\" height=\"65\" class=\"wp-image-7253\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-257.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d85\u0da0\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 0<sup>0<\/sup>C \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d92\u0d9a\u0dd3\u0dba \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dba\u0da7\u0dad\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba 1<sup>0<\/sup>C \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0db1\u0dd0\u0d82\u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dad\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0dc0<\/strong> P<sub>\u03b3<\/sub><strong> \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dd0\u0db8\u0dcf <\/strong>V<sub>\u03b3 <\/sub><strong>\u0dc3\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd3\u0db8.<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(01). \u0da0\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 V \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-image-3948\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-705.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-705.png 367w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-705-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-705-150x82.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u0da0\u0dcf\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0, <br \/>V = V<sub>0<\/sub> (1+\u03b3<sub>p<\/sub>\u03b8) <br \/>(V) = V<sub>0<\/sub>\u03b3<sub>p <\/sub>(\u03b8) + V<sub>0<\/sub> \u00a0<br \/>Y=\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00a0\u00a0 + C <br \/>m = V<sub>0<\/sub>\u03b3<sub>p <\/sub>\u03b8\u00a0 <em>&gt;&gt;&gt; <strong>1<\/strong> <\/em><br \/>c = V<sub>0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/sub><em>\u00a0&gt;&gt;&gt; <strong>2<\/strong> \u00a0<\/em> \u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(2) \/ (1) \u0db1\u0dca,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>m\/c = \u03b3<sub>p<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0db8\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dba\u0dda,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0d83\u0d9b\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba 0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0d83\u0d9b\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dba \u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dad\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0daf\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dba \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dba \u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc1\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0dc1\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(02). \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dc5\u0dd2\u0db4\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc3\u0dca \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dbb\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba P \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"175\" class=\"wp-image-3949\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-706.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-706.png 359w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-706-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-706-150x73.png 150w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-706-356x175.png 356w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>P = P<sub>0<\/sub>(1+\u03b3<sub>v<\/sub>\u03b8) <br \/>(P) = P<sub>0<\/sub>\u03b3<sub>v <\/sub>(\u03b8) + P<sub>0<\/sub> \u00a0<br \/>Y\u00a0\u00a0 =\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 m\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 X\u00a0\u00a0 + C <br \/>m = P<sub>0<\/sub>\u03b3<sub>v<\/sub> <br \/>C =\u00a0 P<sub>0<\/sub><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>(1) \/ (2) \u0db1\u0dca,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>m\/c = \u03b3<sub>v<\/sub><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0db8\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dba\u0dda,<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db4\u0dd6\u0dbb\u0dca\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dbb\u0dda\u0d9b\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dc0 \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0d83\u0d9b\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca 0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dab\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d85\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0d83\u0d9b\u0dab\u0dca\u0da9\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u03b3<sub>v<\/sub> \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dba \u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dad\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca \u0daf\u0dd2\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dba \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0d85\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dba \u0da1\u0dda\u0daf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dba \u0db8\u0d9c\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc1\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dc0\u0db1 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf \u0daf\u0dda. \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2\u0dab\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dca\u0db8\u0d9a \u0dc0 \u0d91\u0db8 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0dc1\u0dd4\u0db1\u0dca\u200d\u0dba \u0dbd\u0dd9\u0dc3 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0daf\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dda.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d9c\u0dd0\u0da7\u200d\u0dc5\u0dd4\u0dc0 :-<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>3<\/strong>0<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba A \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0ddc\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0dad\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba 55<sup>\u00b0<\/sup>C \u0daf\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d91\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba B \u0dc0\u0dda. \u0db8\u0dd9\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dab \u0dc3\u0d82\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dab\u0d9a\u0dba \u0dc3\u0ddc\u0dba\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"226\" height=\"210\" class=\"wp-image-7255\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-258.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-258.jpg 226w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Capture-258-150x139.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dca\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dad\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0db4\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd3\u0db8<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"237\" class=\"wp-image-7257\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-1684.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-1684.png 550w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-1684-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-1684-150x65.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0daf\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc0\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u00a0 \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d8b\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0db6\u0ddd\u0d9e\u0dca\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba<\/li>\r\n<li>(0 &#8211; 110\u00b0C) \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca,<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dc4\u0dd2\u0dad \u0db6\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc3\u0db1\u0dca \u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0dad\u0dd9\u0db4\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d9a\u0db8\u0dca\u0db6\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dd0\u0dbd\u0d9a\u0dca<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d86\u0db0\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9a\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0db8\u0db1\u0dca\u0dae\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0dbb\u0dd6\u0db4\u0dba\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db6\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc5 \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0dbb \u0dc0\u0dd3 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba P \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d91\u0db8 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba T \u0db1\u0db8\u0dca \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0d85\u0da0\u0dbd \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0d9a\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba\u0d9a P \u0dc4\u0dcf T \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dca\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dba P \u221d T \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T \u0da7 \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0dc0 P \u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dad \u0daf\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"213\" height=\"138\" class=\"wp-image-3951\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-708.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-708.png 213w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-708-150x97.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u00a0\u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db8\u0db1\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dd6 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7 \u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba \u0db4\u0dc4\u0dad \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"154\" class=\"wp-image-3952\" src=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-709.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-709.png 308w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-709-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/image-709-150x75.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0d9a\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dbb\u0dd6\u0db4\u0dba\u0dd9\u0dc4\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd2 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4 \u0d8b\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dab\u0dba\u0dda \u0db6\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db6\u0dba \u0daf, \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db8\u0db1\u0dca\u0dae\u0dba \u0daf \u0db6\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc5 \u0db6\u0dc4\u0dcf \u0dbd\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db6\u0dd3\u0d9a\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dda \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0db8\u0db1\u0dca\u0dae\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba 10\u00b0C \u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab \u0d89\u0dc4\u0dc5 \u0d9c\u0dd2\u0dba \u0db4\u0dc3\u0dd4 \u0daf\u0dcf\u0dc4\u0d9a\u0dba \u0d89\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0dc3\u0dd4\u0dc5\u0dd4 \u0dc0\u0dda\u0dbd\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba \u0daf \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba \u0daf \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0d89\u0dc4\u0dad \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0d86\u0d9a\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba 10\u00b0C \u0db4\u0db8\u0dab \u0dc0\u0dd6 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dab\u0dc0\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dae\u0dcf \u0dc4\u0dba\u0d9a \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0dd6\u0db4 \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dbd\u0db6\u0dcf\u0d9c\u0dd9\u0db1 \u0d92\u0dc0\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0d9c\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dab\u0db1\u0dba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba \u03b8(<sup>0<\/sup>C)<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba T(K) \u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0d86\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba\u0dda \u0db4\u0dcf\u0da8\u0dcf\u0d82\u0d9a\u0dba P(Nm<sup>-2<\/sup>)<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0db4\u0dda\u0d9a\u0dca\u0dc2 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba\u0da7 T \u0d91\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dd2 \u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba P \u0db4\u200d\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0dad \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0db1\u0dd2\u0d9c\u0db8\u0db1\u0dba<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0dc3\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dca\u0db0\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dca\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda \u0dc3\u0db3\u0dc4\u0db1\u0dca \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0daf\u0dd2 \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dbb\u0dba\u0da7 \u0d85\u0db1\u0dd4\u0dc0 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dda \u0daf\u0dd3 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dba\u0dd4\u0dc0\u0d9a \u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0dc3\u0db8\u0dca\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0\u0dad\u0dcf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dad\u0dca\u200d\u0dba\u0dcf\u0db4\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc0\u0dda.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u0dad\u0dcf\u0db4\u0d9a\u0dba\u0dda \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d89\u0dad\u0dcf\u0db8\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db8\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0db1\u0dd0\u0d82\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0d85\u0dad\u0dbb \u0da2\u0dbd\u0dba \u0db8\u0db1\u0dca\u0dae\u0db1\u0dba \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dba.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u0db6\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db6\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d86\u0db8\u0dcf\u0db1\u0dba \u0dc3\u0db8\u0dca\u0db6\u0db1\u0dca\u0db0 \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dc5\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dbd \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0db6\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db6\u0dba \u0dad\u0dd4\u0dc5 \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dcf\u0dad\u0dba\u0dda \u0d8b\u0dc2\u0dca\u0dab\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0\u0dba \u0d91\u0d9a\u0db8 \u0d85\u0d9c\u0dba\u0d9a \u0db1\u0ddc\u0db4\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dc3\u0dcf \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dc1\u0dcf\u0dbd \u0db4\u0dbb\u0dd2\u0db8\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0d9a\u0dca \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0db6\u0dbd\u0dca\u0db6\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dc4\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dda\u0dc1\u0dd2\u0d9a \u0db1\u0dc5\u0dba\u0d9a\u0dca \u0dba\u0ddc\u0daf\u0dcf \u0d9c\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0da7, \u0d87\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0ddd\u0dc2\u0dba \u0d85\u0dc0\u0db8 \u0d9a\u0dbb \u0d9c\u0dad \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0dba.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Video links:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_63021\"  width=\"696\" height=\"392\"  data-origwidth=\"696\" data-origheight=\"392\"  data-relstop=\"1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ieXcZp4Ni04?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px;\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/uc?id=1PkSuuiuAOu5JSSKwcMWlUH5Lw8u3pUl8&amp;export=download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0db4\u0dcf\u0da9\u0db8\u0dda \u0dc3\u0da7\u0dc4\u0db1 Download \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0d9c\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-hdq-quiz-block hdq-quiz-gutenberg\">[HDquiz quiz = 1482]<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-shadow td_btn_normal\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" style=\"border-radius: 15px;\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/1THHRrdg6f09rwJiCRgONNOA6EY74cVGn?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0dad\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dca \u0db4\u0dca\u200d\u0dbb\u0dc1\u0dca\u0db1 \u0db4\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dca\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1.<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 100px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0db4\u0dd3\u0da9\u0db1 \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0db8\u0dba \u0db7\u0dcf\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dad\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dc5 \u0dc4\u0dd0\u0d9a\u0dd2 \u0d85\u0dc0\u0dc3\u0dca\u0dad\u0dcf, \u0db1\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dad\u0dc0 \u0db4\u0dd0\u0dc0\u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba \u0dba\u0dd4\u0dad\u0dd4 \u0dad\u0dad\u0dca\u0dc0 \u0d86\u0daf\u0dd2\u0dba \u0db4\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dd2\u0db6\u0daf \u0dc0\u0dd0\u0da9\u0dd2 \u0daf\u0dd4\u0dbb\u0da7\u0dad\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dcf\u0d9a\u0da0\u0dca\u0da1\u0dcf \u0d9a\u0dbb\u0db1\u0dd4 \u0dbd\u0dd0\u0db6\u0dda.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1352,1369,1355,39,42],"tags":[63,91,1443,89,64,494,1444,3543,69,3539,90,3533,88,66,2853,3544,65,1440,87,1442,2899,281,61,1441,3517,3540,3542,86,2858,102,492,55,103,85,3541,84,83],"class_list":{"0":"post-3876","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-1352","8":"category-04-03-03","9":"category-04-03","10":"category-physics","11":"category-advanced-level-science","12":"tag-al","13":"tag-books","14":"tag-dynamics","15":"tag-e","16":"tag-exam","17":"tag-gas","18":"tag-heat","19":"tag-ideal","20":"tag-introduction","21":"tag-law","22":"tag-lessons","23":"tag-niyamaya","24":"tag-notes","25":"tag-physics","26":"tag-pressure","27":"tag-real","28":"tag-science","29":"tag-thaapaya","30":"tag-theory","31":"tag-thermo","32":"tag-volume","33":"tag-281","34":"tag-61","35":"tag-1441","36":"tag-3517","37":"tag-3540","38":"tag-3542","39":"tag-86","40":"tag-2858","41":"tag-102","42":"tag-492","43":"tag-55","44":"tag-103","45":"tag-85","46":"tag-3541","47":"tag-84","48":"tag-83"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3876"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27607,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3876\/revisions\/27607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/learnsteer.sasnaka.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}